Tense adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu kejadian atau peristiwa.
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, atau kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini
Rumus : Subject + Verb 1 (present form)
Kata Kunci : always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif : He always works very hard in the company
Kalimat Negatif : He does not work very hard in the company.
Kalimat Tanya : Does he work very hard in the company?
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukan suatu tindakan yang masih berlangsung sekarang atau ketika pembicaraan itu sudah dimulai, dan belum berakhir ketika pembicaraan itu berlangsung.
Rumus : Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif : Look! He is talking with his classmates.
Kalimat Negatif : He is not playing computer games now.
Kalimat Tanya : Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.
3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Fungsi : menggambarkan suatu aktivitas yang telah dilakukan pada saat ini. Disebut Perfect karena aktivitas itu telah terjadi atau sudah diselesaikan secara sempurna pada saat ini (present).
Rumus : Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Kunci : already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif : He has already finished his homework.
Kalimat Negatif : He has not been to Australia so far.
Kalimat Tanya : Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih berlanjut sampai sekarang, maupun yang sudah berakhir di masa lalu pula.
Rumus : Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx
Kalimat Positif : He has been working here since 1996.
Kalimat Negatif : He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.
Kalimat Tanya : Has he been playing the computer game all day?
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Fungsi : menjelaskan kejadian atau aktivitas yang terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus : Subject + Verb II (past form)
Kata Kunci : yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif : Last year, he always worked until night.
Kalimat Negatif : He did not go to school this morning.
Kalimat Tanya : Did he pay the bill yesterday?
Yes, he did. / No, he did not.
6. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukkan aktivitas yang berlangsung di masa lampau.
Rumus : Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday
Kalimat Positif : He was speaking when I entered in room.
Kalimat Negatif : He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya : Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
7. PAST PERFECT TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu.
Rumus : Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Kunci : before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif : He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif : He had not been a high school student until last year.
Kalimat Tanya : Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukkan sebuah aktifitas yang telah terjadi di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa lalu juga.
Rumus : Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif : He said that he had been working here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif : He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Kalimat Tanya : Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan sebuah aktivitas yang terjadi di masa depan (yang akan datang) atau masih berupa rencana.
Rumus : Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)
Kata Kunci : in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later
Kalimat Positif : He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif : He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Kalimat Tanya : Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan sebuah aktifitas yang sedang berlangsung di masa depan.
Rumus : Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif : He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif : He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.
Kalimat Tanya : Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Yes, he will/No, he will not
11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukan aktifitas yang telah selesai di masa depan.
Rumus : Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Kunci : by next Monday, in a week
Kalimat Positif : He will have finished the task by next Monday.
Kalimat Negatif : He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening.
Kalimat Tanya : Will he have finished the task in a week?
Yes, he will/No, he will not
12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukkan sebuah aktifitas yang sedang berlangsung dengan rentang waktu tertentu di masa depan.
Rumus : Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : for the last couple of hours, all day long
Kalimat Positif : He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour.
Kalimat Negatif : He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours.
Kalimat Tanya : Will he have been doing the research all day long
Yes, he will/No, he will not.
13. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE TENSE
Fungsi : mengungkapkan sebuah keinginan yang tidak terwujud. Dikatakan Past Future karena si pelaku ini akan melakukan sesuatu di masa depan tapi gagal karena sesuatu di masa lalu.
Rumus : Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)
Kata Kunci : -
Kalimat Positif : He said that he would leave in three days.
Kalimat Negatif : He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer.
Kalimat Tanya : Did you tell him when I would arrive?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : tense yang akan dan sedang berlangsung di masa lalu. Maka aktivitas yang akan di lakukan di masa depan itu tidak jadi dilakukan karena suatu hal di masa lalu.
Rumus : Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : -
Kalimat Positif : I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
Kalimat Negatif : I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morning.
Kalimat Tanya : Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Fungsi : menyatakan sebuah kejadian yang akan terjadi dan sudah selesai di masa lampau. Jadi kejadian yang akan dilakukan ini tidak jadi dilakukan di masa lalu karena suatu hal, atau bisa juga hanya sebatas angan-angan semata.
Rumus : Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Kunci : -
Kalimat Positif : He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning.
Kalimat Negatif : He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice..
Kalimat Tanya : Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years?
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Fungsi : menunjukkan sebuah aktifitas yang sedang akan terjadi dan masih berlanjut di masa lampau. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense memakai keterangan waktu lampau dan memiliki durasi tertentu yang menunjukkan suatu aktivitas sedang berlangsung dari suatu masa ke suatu masa.
Rumus : Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Kunci : -
Kalimat Positif : I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July.
Kalimat Negatif : I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time.
Kalimat Tanya : Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear? Yes, he would / No, he would not.
